SHA-256: The most widely used hash function, providing 256-bit security. Recommended for most applications including blockchain and digital signatures.

SHA-512: Provides higher security with 512-bit output, useful for applications requiring maximum security.

SHA-3: The latest SHA standard, offering different security properties and resistance to certain types of attacks.

MD5 & SHA-1: These algorithms are deprecated for security purposes due to vulnerability to collision attacks. Use only for non-security applications.

Security Note: Hash functions are one-way operations. The same input will always produce the same hash, but you cannot reverse a hash to get the original input.